{"id":1728,"date":"2026-03-11T12:21:58","date_gmt":"2026-03-11T03:21:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/admin.shotosha.com\/english-words\/pessimistic\/"},"modified":"2026-10-18T04:45:52","modified_gmt":"2026-10-17T19:45:52","slug":"pessimistic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/admin.shotosha.com\/english-words\/pessimistic\/","title":{"rendered":"pessimistic \u306e\u610f\u5473\u30fb\u30b3\u30a2\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u30fb\u4f8b\u6587\uff5cVENN4000\u82f1\u5358\u8a9e"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\n    \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n    \"@type\": \"DefinedTerm\",\n    \"name\": \"pessimistic\",\n    \"description\": \"\u6700\u60aa\u3092\u898b\u8d8a\u3057\u3066\u69cb\u3048\u308b\u5fc3\",\n    \"inDefinedTermSet\": {\n      \"@type\": \"DefinedTermSet\",\n      \"name\": \"VENN4000\",\n      \"url\": \"https:\/\/admin.shotosha.com\/english-words\/\"\n    }\n  }<\/script>\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\"><link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin><link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Noto+Sans+JP:wght@400;500;700;900&amp;display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/admin.shotosha.com\/english-words\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2026\/04\/shared.css\">\n<p><!-- \u30d1\u30f3\u304f\u305a\u30ca\u30d3 --><\/p>\n<nav class=\"breadcrumb\">\n<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/english-words\/\">VENN4000<\/a> &gt;<br \/>\n      pessimistic<br \/>\n    <\/nav>\n<div class=\"article-card\">\n<!-- \u30d8\u30c3\u30c0\u30fc --><\/p>\n<header class=\"word-header\">\n<h1 id=\"i-0\">pessimistic<\/h1>\n<div class=\"pronunciation\">\n<span class=\"pronunciation-text\">\/p\u00e8s\u0259m\u00edst\u026ak\/<\/span><br \/>\n<button aria-label=\"\u767a\u97f3\u3092\u805e\u304f\" class=\"speak-btn\" onclick=\"speakWord('pessimistic')\">\ud83d\udd0a<\/button>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"word-summary\">\n<span class=\"pos-tag\">\u3010\u5f62\u3011<\/span>\u60b2\u89b3\u7684\u306a<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- \u91cd\u8981\u5ea6\u30d0\u30ed\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc --><\/p>\n<div class=\"importance-meter\">\n<div class=\"meter-label\">\u91cd\u8981\u5ea6<\/div>\n<div class=\"meter-bar-container\">\n<div class=\"meter-bar\" style=\"width: 39.0%;\">\n<span class=\"meter-value\">9\/23<\/span>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"meter-detail\" onclick=\"this.querySelector('.meter-detail-text').classList.toggle('show')\">\n<span class=\"meter-detail-toggle\">\u24d8 \u91cd\u8981\u5ea6\u3068\u306f<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"meter-detail-text\">\u677e\u6fe4\u820e\u304c\u5927\u5b66\u53d7\u9a13\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u82f1\u5358\u8a9e\u5e3323\u518a\u306e\u898b\u51fa\u3057\u8a9e\u3092\u8abf\u67fb\u3057\u3001\u63b2\u8f09\u518a\u6570\u3092\u3082\u3068\u306b\u7b97\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u306f9\u518a\u306b\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<p><!-- \u76ee\u6b21 --><\/p>\n<nav class=\"toc\">\n<div class=\"toc-title\">CONTENTS<\/div>\n<ol>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#core-image\">\u30b3\u30a2\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#meanings\">\u610f\u5473\u4e00\u89a7<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#examples\">\u4f8b\u6587<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#pitfalls\">\u3088\u304f\u3042\u308b\u9593\u9055\u3044\u30fb\u6ce8\u610f\u70b9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#synonyms\">\u985e\u7fa9\u8a9e\u30fb\u5bfe\u7fa9\u8a9e<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#derivatives\">\u6d3e\u751f\u8a9e\u30fb\u95a2\u9023\u8a9e<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#collocations\">\u30b3\u30ed\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#quiz\">\u78ba\u8a8d\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/nav>\n<p><!-- \u2776 \u30b3\u30a2\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"section\" id=\"core-image\">\n<h2 id=\"i-1\"><span class=\"num\">1<\/span>\u30b3\u30a2\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8<\/h2>\n<div class=\"core-image-box\">\n<div class=\"box-title\">pessimistic \u306e\u6838\u5fc3<\/div>\n<div class=\"box-content\">\n<div class=\"one-liner\">\u300c\u6700\u60aa\u3092\u898b\u8d8a\u3057\u3066\u69cb\u3048\u308b\u5fc3\u300d<\/div>\n<p>pessimistic\u306e\u8a9e\u6839\u306f\u30e9\u30c6\u30f3\u8a9e\u306e\u300cpessimus\uff08\u6700\u60aa\u306e\uff09\u300d\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u7269\u4e8b\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u300c\u6700\u60aa\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u524d\u63d0\u3067\u7269\u4e8b\u3092\u898b\u308b\u59ff\u52e2\u304c\u30b3\u30a2\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5358\u306a\u308b\u300c\u6697\u3044\u300d\u300c\u30cd\u30ac\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u672a\u6765\u306e\u898b\u901a\u3057\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u30fb\u60b2\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u65b9\u5411\u3078\u50be\u304f\u8a8d\u77e5\u30fb\u614b\u5ea6\u306e\u3042\u308a\u65b9\u3092\u6307\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u6027\u683c\uff08\u5f7c\u306f\u60b2\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u4eba\u3060\uff09\u306b\u3082\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u72b6\u6cc1\u3078\u306e\u898b\u65b9\uff08\u305d\u306e\u8a08\u753b\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u60b2\u89b3\u7684\u3060\uff09\u306b\u3082\u4f7f\u3048\u3001\u300c\u3088\u304f\u306a\u308b\u306f\u305a\u304c\u306a\u3044\u300d\u300c\u3069\u3046\u305b\u30c0\u30e1\u3060\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u601d\u8003\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u5168\u822c\u3092\u30ab\u30d0\u30fc\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \u2777 \u610f\u5473\u4e00\u89a7 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"section\" id=\"meanings\">\n<h2 id=\"i-2\"><span class=\"num\">2<\/span>\u610f\u5473\u4e00\u89a7<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"meaning-list\">\n<li class=\"meaning-item\">\n<span class=\"pos-label\">\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"definition\">\u60b2\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u3001\u7269\u4e8b\u3092\u6697\u304f\u898b\u308b<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"core-connection\">\u300c\u6700\u60aa\u3092\u60f3\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u69cb\u3048\u308b\u300d\u30b3\u30a2\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u304c\u3001\u672a\u6765\u3084\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u898b\u65b9\u3092\u3059\u308b\u300c\u60b2\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a33\u306b\u76f4\u7d50\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"meaning-item\">\n<span class=\"pos-label\">\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"definition\">\uff08\u898b\u901a\u3057\u30fb\u4e88\u6e2c\u304c\uff09\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u3001\u82b3\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"core-connection\">\u4eba\u306e\u6027\u683c\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u666f\u6c17\u306e\u898b\u901a\u3057\u306f\u60b2\u89b3\u7684\u3060\u300d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4e88\u6e2c\u30fb\u8a55\u4fa1\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u304c\u6697\u3044\u65b9\u5411\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7528\u6cd5\u3002\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u3084\u5831\u9053\u3067\u983b\u51fa\u3067\u898b\u843d\u3068\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3002<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \u2778 \u4f8b\u6587 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"section\" id=\"examples\">\n<h2 id=\"i-3\"><span class=\"num\">3<\/span>\u4f8b\u6587<\/h2>\n<div class=\"example-card\">\n<div class=\"example-en\">His pessimistic ideas made him sad and lonely.<\/div>\n<div class=\"example-ja\">\u60b2\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u304c\u5f7c\u3092\u60b2\u3057\u304f\u5b64\u72ec\u306b\u3055\u305b\u305f\u3002<\/div>\n<div class=\"example-note\">\u6027\u683c\u30fb\u601d\u8003\u50be\u5411\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u300c\u60b2\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u300d<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"example-card\">\n<div class=\"example-en\">Analysts are pessimistic about the country\u2019s economic recovery.<\/div>\n<div class=\"example-ja\">\u30a2\u30ca\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u305f\u3061\u306f\u305d\u306e\u56fd\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u56de\u5fa9\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u898b\u65b9\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/div>\n<div class=\"example-note\">\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u72b6\u6cc1\u3078\u306e\u898b\u901a\u3057\u304c\u300c\u82b3\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7528\u6cd5<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"example-card\">\n<div class=\"example-en\">Don\u2019t be so pessimistic\u2014things might turn out better than you expect.<\/div>\n<div class=\"example-ja\">\u305d\u3093\u306a\u306b\u6697\u304f\u8003\u3048\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3002\u601d\u3063\u305f\u3088\u308a\u3046\u307e\u304f\u3044\u304f\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3002<\/div>\n<div class=\"example-note\">\u300c\u3069\u3046\u305b\u30c0\u30e1\u3060\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u614b\u5ea6\u3092\u6212\u3081\u308b\u6587\u8108\u3067\u306e\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u8a33<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \u2779 \u3088\u304f\u3042\u308b\u9593\u9055\u3044\u30fb\u6ce8\u610f\u70b9 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"section\" id=\"pitfalls\">\n<h2 id=\"i-4\"><span class=\"num\">4<\/span>\u3088\u304f\u3042\u308b\u9593\u9055\u3044\u30fb\u6ce8\u610f\u70b9<\/h2>\n<div class=\"pitfall-box\">\n<div class=\"box-title\">\u3053\u3053\u306b\u6ce8\u610f<\/div>\n<div class=\"box-content\">\n<p>pessimistic\u306f\u300c\u60b2\u3057\u3044\uff08sad\uff09\u300d\u3084\u300c\u4e0d\u5b89\u306a\uff08anxious\uff09\u300d\u3068\u9055\u3044\u3001\u672a\u6765\u306e\u4e88\u6e2c\u30fb\u898b\u901a\u3057\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u614b\u5ea6\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002\u5185\u9762\u306e\u611f\u60c5\u3088\u308a\u3082\u300c\u8a8d\u77e5\u30fb\u898b\u65b9\u306e\u30af\u30bb\u300d\u306b\u7126\u70b9\u304c\u3042\u308b\u70b9\u3092\u610f\u8b58\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p>be pessimistic about \uff5e\uff08\uff5e\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u60b2\u89b3\u7684\u3060\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5eabout\u3068\u306e\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u983b\u51fa\u3002about\u3092\u5fd8\u308c\u3066on\/for\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u30df\u30b9\u306b\u6ce8\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \u277a \u985e\u7fa9\u8a9e\u30fb\u5bfe\u7fa9\u8a9e --><\/p>\n<div class=\"section\" id=\"synonyms\">\n<h2 id=\"i-5\"><span class=\"num\">5<\/span>\u985e\u7fa9\u8a9e\u30fb\u5bfe\u7fa9\u8a9e<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u985e\u7fa9\u8a9e<\/th>\n<th>\u30b3\u30a2\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u9055\u3044<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/english-words\/gloomy\/\">gloomy<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u6697\u3044\u6c17\u5206\u30fb\u96f0\u56f2\u6c17\u306e\u6697\u3055\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5834\u306e\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u30c8\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u91cd\u70b9\u3002pessimistic\u304c\u300c\u672a\u6765\u3078\u306e\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u4e88\u6e2c\u300d\u306a\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001gloomy\u306f\u300c\u4eca\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u6697\u3055\u30fb\u9670\u9b31\u3055\u300d\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/english-words\/negative\/\">negative<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u3088\u308a\u5e83\u304f\u300c\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u30fb\u6d88\u6975\u7684\u300d\u5168\u822c\u3092\u6307\u3059\u65e5\u5e38\u8a9e\u3002pessimistic\u3088\u308a\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u3067\u3001\u672a\u6765\u4e88\u6e2c\u306b\u9650\u3089\u305a\u614b\u5ea6\u30fb\u610f\u898b\u5168\u822c\u306b\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/english-words\/cynical\/\">cynical<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u4eba\u3084\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u300c\u3069\u3046\u305b\u88cf\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3001\u4fe1\u7528\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u76ae\u8089\u30fb\u51b7\u7b11\u7684\u306a\u4e0d\u4fe1\u611f\u3002pessimistic\u304c\u300c\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u60aa\u304f\u306a\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e88\u6e2c\u306a\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001cynical\u306f\u300c\u52d5\u6a5f\u3084\u8aa0\u610f\u3078\u306e\u4e0d\u4fe1\u300d\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>despairing<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u5e0c\u671b\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5931\u3063\u305f\u7d76\u671b\u7684\u306a\u72b6\u614b\u3002pessimistic\u304c\u300c\u307e\u3060\u898b\u901a\u3057\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u300d\u306a\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001despairing\u306f\u3088\u308a\u6975\u7aef\u3067\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u306a\u7d76\u671b\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u5bfe\u7fa9\u8a9e:<\/strong> optimistic\u3001hopeful<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \u277b \u6d3e\u751f\u8a9e\u30fb\u95a2\u9023\u8a9e --><\/p>\n<div class=\"section\" id=\"derivatives\">\n<h2 id=\"i-6\"><span class=\"num\">6<\/span>\u6d3e\u751f\u8a9e\u30fb\u95a2\u9023\u8a9e<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"derivative-list\">\n<li class=\"derivative-item\">\n<strong>pessimism<\/strong><br \/>\n<span class=\"der-pos\">\u540d\u8a5e<\/span><br \/>\n            \u60b2\u89b3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u60b2\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u898b\u65b9<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"derivative-item\">\n<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/english-words\/pessimist\/\" style=\"text-decoration:none;color:inherit\"><br \/>\n<strong>pessimist<\/strong><br \/>\n<span class=\"der-pos\">\u540d\u8a5e<\/span><br \/>\n            \u60b2\u89b3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u3001\u60b2\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u4eba<br \/>\n            <\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"derivative-item\">\n<strong>pessimistically<\/strong><br \/>\n<span class=\"der-pos\">\u526f\u8a5e<\/span><br \/>\n            \u60b2\u89b3\u7684\u306b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \u277c \u30b3\u30ed\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"section\" id=\"collocations\">\n<h2 id=\"i-7\"><span class=\"num\">7<\/span>\u30b3\u30ed\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"collocation-list\">\n<li class=\"collocation-item\">be pessimistic about \uff5e\uff08\uff5e\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u60b2\u89b3\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff09<\/li>\n<li class=\"collocation-item\">pessimistic outlook \/ forecast\uff08\u6697\u3044\u898b\u901a\u3057\uff0f\u4e88\u6e2c\uff09<\/li>\n<li class=\"collocation-item\">overly pessimistic\uff08\u904e\u5ea6\u306b\u60b2\u89b3\u7684\u306a\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \u277d \u78ba\u8a8d\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"section\" id=\"quiz\">\n<h2 id=\"i-8\"><span class=\"num\">8<\/span>\u78ba\u8a8d\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8<\/h2>\n<div class=\"quiz\">\n<div class=\"quiz-item\">\n<div class=\"quiz-question\">\u6b21\u306e\u82f1\u6587\u306e\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6700\u3082\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u8a33\u3092\u9078\u3079\u3002<\/p>\n<p>The report takes a pessimistic view of the future of renewable energy.<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u518d\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306e\u672a\u6765\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u60b2\u3057\u3044\u898b\u65b9\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b<br \/>\u2461\u518d\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306e\u672a\u6765\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u898b\u901a\u3057\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b<br \/>\u2462\u518d\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306e\u672a\u6765\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u7d76\u671b\u7684\u306b\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b<br \/>\u2463\u518d\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306e\u672a\u6765\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u76ae\u8089\u306a\u7acb\u5834\u3092\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/div>\n<div class=\"quiz-answer\" onclick=\"this.querySelector('.answer-text').style.display='block';this.querySelector('.answer-prompt').style.display='none';\">\n<span class=\"answer-prompt\">\u25b6 \u30af\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u3057\u3066\u89e3\u7b54\u3092\u8868\u793a<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"answer-text\">\u2461<br \/>\n\u300cpessimistic view\u300d\u306f\u3053\u3053\u3067\u300c\u60b2\u3057\u3044\uff08\u611f\u60c5\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3082\u300c\u7d76\u671b\uff08\u611f\u60c5\u306e\u6975\u7aef\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3082\u300c\u76ae\u8089\uff08\u4e0d\u4fe1\u611f\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3082\u306a\u304f\u3001\u672a\u6765\u306e\u4e88\u6e2c\u30fb\u898b\u901a\u3057\u304c\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002take a pessimistic view of \uff5e\u3067\u300c\uff5e\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u898b\u901a\u3057\u3092\u6301\u3064\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9\u3002\u30b3\u30a2\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u300c\u6700\u60aa\u3092\u898b\u8d8a\u3057\u305f\u898b\u65b9\u300d\u304c\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u6587\u8108\u306b\u73fe\u308c\u305f\u7528\u6cd5\u3002<\/span>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/.article-card --><br \/>\n<!-- CTA\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"cta-section\">\n<div class=\"cta-inner\">\n<div class=\"cta-layout\">\n<div class=\"cta-cover\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"VENN4000 \u66f8\u5f71\" height=\"224\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/admin.shotosha.com\/english-words\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2026\/04\/venn4000-cover.jpg\" width=\"140\">\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cta-text\">\n<div class=\"cta-logo\">VENN<span>4000<\/span><\/div>\n<p class=\"cta-tagline\">23\u518a\u306e\u82f1\u5358\u8a9e\u5e33\u30921\u518a\u306b\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"cta-body\">\u300c\u533b\u5b66\u90e8\u30fb\u4e0a\u4f4d\u6821\u5c02\u9580\u587e\uff5c\u677e\u6fe4\u820e\u300d\u304c\u3001\u5927\u5b66\u53d7\u9a13\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u82f1\u5358\u8a9e\u5e3323\u518a\u306e\u898b\u51fa\u3057\u8a9e\u3092\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u5316\u3002<br \/>2\u518a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u305f\u82f1\u5358\u8a9e\u3092\u91cd\u8981\u5ea6\u9806\u306b\u53ce\u9332\u3057\u305f\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u90e8\u30fb\u4e0a\u4f4d\u6821\u53d7\u9a13\u751f\u5fc5\u643a\u306e\u82f1\u5358\u8a9e\u5e33\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"cta-buttons\">\n<a target=\"_blank\" class=\"cta-btn cta-btn-primary\" href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3NXj4Bf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Amazon\u3067\u8cfc\u5165\u3059\u308b \u2192<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>\n  function speakWord(word) {\n    if ('speechSynthesis' in window) {\n      var u = new SpeechSynthesisUtterance(word);\n      u.lang = 'en-US';\n      u.rate = 0.85;\n      speechSynthesis.speak(u);\n    }\n  }\n  document.querySelectorAll('.quiz-answer').forEach(function(el) {\n    el.addEventListener('click', function() {\n      this.querySelector('.answer-text').style.display = 'block';\n      this.querySelector('.answer-prompt').style.display = 'none';\n    });\n  });\n  <\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>pessimistic \u306e\u30b3\u30a2\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u306f\u300c\u6700\u60aa\u3092\u898b\u8d8a\u3057\u3066\u69cb\u3048\u308b\u5fc3\u300d\u3002\u610f\u5473\u30fb\u4f8b\u6587\u30fb\u8a9e\u6e90\u30fb\u985e\u7fa9\u8a9e\u3092\u5fb9\u5e95\u89e3\u8aac\u3002VENN4000 &#8211; 23\u518a\u306e\u82f1\u5358\u8a9e\u5e33\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3057\u305f\u5927\u5b66\u53d7\u9a13\u82f1\u5358\u8a9e\u5e33\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[23],"class_list":{"0":"post-1728","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-frequency-9","7":"tag-adjective","8":"nothumb"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/admin.shotosha.com\/english-words\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1728","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/admin.shotosha.com\/english-words\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/admin.shotosha.com\/english-words\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/admin.shotosha.com\/english-words\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/admin.shotosha.com\/english-words\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1728"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/admin.shotosha.com\/english-words\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1728\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12187,"href":"https:\/\/admin.shotosha.com\/english-words\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1728\/revisions\/12187"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/admin.shotosha.com\/english-words\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1728"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/admin.shotosha.com\/english-words\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1728"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/admin.shotosha.com\/english-words\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1728"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}